Terrariums are like tiny gardens trapped in glass — and they’re just as fun to make as they are to admire. Whether you want to bring nature to your desk, coffee table, or bookshelf, a decorative terrarium is a compact, eye-catching way to display plants in style.
This step-by-step guide will walk you through everything you need to build your own beautiful terrarium — from choosing the right plants and containers to layering, planting, and long-term care.
What Is a Terrarium?
A terrarium is a self-contained, often glass-enclosed environment for growing small plants. Think of it as a mini greenhouse that fits on your shelf.
There are two main types:
- Open Terrariums: Best for succulents, cacti, and plants that prefer dry conditions
- Closed Terrariums: Ideal for moisture-loving plants like ferns and mosses (with lids or sealed tops)
Both can be decorative centerpieces that bring life and creativity into any room.
What You’ll Need
Before you start building your terrarium, gather the following materials:
🪴 Materials List:
- Glass container (bowl, jar, vase, lantern — anything clear and open or with a lid)
- Small plants (based on the terrarium type — more on that soon)
- Pebbles or small stones (for drainage)
- Activated charcoal (helps prevent mold and odors)
- Potting soil (specific to your plant type)
- Decorative elements (moss, rocks, crystals, mini figurines)
- Tools: Long tweezers, spoon, paintbrush (optional, but helpful)
Step 1: Choose the Right Container
Almost any clear glass container can work as a terrarium. Choose based on the vibe you want and the plants you plan to use.
Container ideas:
- Fish bowls
- Mason jars
- Wine glasses
- Lanterns
- Apothecary jars
- Geometric glass boxes
Open containers are better for succulents and cacti.
Closed containers create humidity and are better for ferns and mosses.
Step 2: Select Your Plants
The plants should be small, slow-growing, and compatible with each other. Group plants that thrive in the same light and moisture conditions.
Open Terrarium Plants (Dry & Bright):
- Echeveria
- Haworthia
- Jade plant
- Air plants
- Mini cacti
Closed Terrarium Plants (Moist & Shaded):
- Fittonia (nerve plant)
- Baby ferns
- Moss
- Peperomia
- Pilea
Avoid plants that grow quickly or get too tall. You want to maintain a miniature, balanced ecosystem.
Step 3: Layer Your Base
Layering creates drainage and structure inside your terrarium — it’s essential for plant health and aesthetic appeal.
How to layer:
- Pebble layer (1–2 inches): Helps with drainage and prevents root rot.
- Activated charcoal (thin layer): Keeps the terrarium fresh and odor-free.
- Potting soil (2–3 inches): Use cactus soil for succulents, or general houseplant soil for leafy plants.
- Optional moss layer: Helps retain moisture and adds texture.
Smooth each layer with a spoon or small tool before moving to the next.
Step 4: Add the Plants
Now the fun begins! 🌿
How to plant:
- Plan your layout before digging. Taller plants go in the back; shorter ones in front.
- Use your finger, spoon, or a stick to make small holes in the soil.
- Gently remove each plant from its pot, shake off excess soil, and place into the hole.
- Press down lightly around the base to anchor it.
Use tweezers or chopsticks for better precision in small containers.
Step 5: Decorate!
Time to personalize your terrarium with decorative extras.
Ideas for decoration:
- Cover soil with green moss, pebbles, or sand
- Add small crystals or stones for sparkle
- Place miniature figurines, fairy garden accents, or driftwood
- Use colored sand or layered gravel for a bold look
This step is optional, but it makes your terrarium feel like a complete design piece.
Step 6: Water Carefully
Terrariums don’t need much water — especially open ones.
Watering tips:
- Use a spray bottle or dropper to avoid overwatering
- For open terrariums: Water sparingly every 2–3 weeks
- For closed terrariums: Mist lightly once a month — condensation on the glass means the ecosystem is working
Watch the leaves: yellowing or mold = too much moisture. Dry, drooping plants = more water needed.
Step 7: Find the Perfect Spot
Place your terrarium where it will get the right amount of light without harsh direct sun.
- Bright, indirect light is best
- Avoid hot windowsills that can cause overheating in glass
- Rotate occasionally for even growth
A terrarium makes a stunning addition to a:
- Desk or nightstand
- Coffee table
- Bathroom shelf
- Kitchen counter
- Bookshelf or entryway table
Ongoing Terrarium Care
Terrariums are low-maintenance, but they still need love. Here’s your care checklist:
- Wipe the glass inside and out for a clean view
- Trim plants if they start to outgrow the space
- Remove dead leaves promptly to prevent decay
- Check for mold or gnats and adjust watering as needed
- Replace plants that aren’t thriving — terrariums are easy to replant
A Tiny World of Beauty
Terrariums are more than just decor — they’re miniature living environments that spark joy and bring nature indoors in a compact, artistic way. Whether you build one for yourself or give it as a handmade gift, creating a terrarium is a creative and calming experience that anyone can enjoy.
So grab your glass jar, pick your favorite plants, and design a little green world of your own.